水利水电工程BIM 框架研究与技术探索

前言

长久以来，水利水电工程建设就以规模大、周期长、投资巨大、技术复杂且专业性强、管理复杂、协调配合困难等特点而著称。在工程建设中各参与方需要面对大量复杂的、高度碎片化的信息，且在工程建设的每一个阶段都需进行有效的沟通与信息共享。但是目前水利水电行业管理方式依然比较粗放，缺乏有效的协同，信息化水平较低，先进技术的普及程度不高，导致部分项目进度拖延、成本效益低下，同时也制约了项目管理整体水平的提升。借助先进的信息和通信技术是改善这一现象的最有效途径。以建设

项目全生命周期信息管理为特征的建筑信息模型（building information modeling，BIM）的出现，为水利水电项目各参与方提供了先进的数字化工具和信息共享平台，并为实现项目的集成化、协同化管理提供了新的方法和手段。

基于此，本书从水利水电工程 BIM 的整体框架搭建方式出发，着重探讨了标准化水利水电工程信息模型的创建方式、协同平台系统框架的搭建方式及协同管理体系的建立方式，提出了基于工业基础类（industry foundation classes，IFC）标准的水利水电 BIM多维度架构，基于水利水电 BIM 的模型存储技术路线、基于水利水电 BIM 的模型创建方法、工程协作管理体系框架、全生命周期协作技术路线及协同工作模型等多方面理论，为构建标准化的水利水电 BIM 框架提供了理论支撑。

在框架理论的基础上，本书主要阐述了在水利水电工程 BIM 应用平台搭建过程中所采用的技术方法。针对水利水电工程数据复杂而零散的问题，提出了水利水电工程信息模型共享管理关键技术，实现了数据的专业化管理；针对水利水电行业设计阶段协同需求等问题，基于开源的 BIM 服务器产品，提出了基于 BIM Server 的协同设计管理系统架构，并阐述了详细的资源配置、关键技术和功能模块开发方式；基于 IFC 标准的进度成本信息表达，建立了基于 IFC 的进度成本集成信息模型，以 Qracle Primavera P6（以下简称 P6）为计划编制软件并作为进度成本计划信息来源，实现了构件与进度成本信息的关联，进而提出了进度成本协同管理的实施流程，并实现了基于 BIM 的 5D 跟踪分析功能；提出了基于 Web Service 和 WebGL 的 BIM/GIS 融合框架，并详细探讨了其实现的关键技术手段；针对 Web 端数据安全性低的问题，提出了安全环境的设置方式、安全设备和系统的搭建方式及安全存储机制的建立方式，实现了数据的安全稳定传输。

最后本书以水利水电工程建设实例为依托，开发出了基于 BIM 的应用管理平台，具有很强的实用性，对 BIM 技术标准的制定和行业应用具有一定的推动作用。

每一位水电建设人员都应当成为生产与管理现代化的推动者和实践者。让我们共同努力，积极推进信息技术应用及创新，为加强能力短板、创新商业模式、优化资源配置及深化业务协同提供服务支撑，为提高国际竞争力和影响力奠定坚实的信息化基础。

目录

第一篇综述篇

第1 章 BIM技术概述     ······························································································ 1

1.1 BIM 技术简介 ······································································································· 1

1.2 BIM 技术应用现状 ································································································ 3

            1.2.1 BIM 国外应用现状 ·················································································· 4

            1.2.2 BIM 在国内应用现状 ··············································································· 8

            1.2.3 BIM 总体研究现状 ·················································································· 9

1.3 BIM 技术的价值 ·············································· ···························· ························ 10

1.4 BIM 技术与基础设施建设 ······················································································ 11

1.5 BIM 技术集成发展趋势 ································· ···················································· 13

第二篇理论篇

第2 章水利水电工程信息模型的创建标准化 ·························································· 15

 2.1 水利水电工程信息模型交换标准化 ····························································· 16

            2.1.1 BIM 精度和IFC 标准 ·············································································· 16

            2.1.2 IFC 标准的水利水电工程扩展 ·································································· 24

2.2 水利水电工程信息模型存储信息标准化 ······················································ 33

            2.2.1 水利水电工程信息模型信息构成分类标准化 ················································ 33

            2.2.2 水利水电工程信息模型信息存储标准化 ······················································ 35

2.3 水利水电工程信息模型的标准化创建方法 ··················································· 37

            2.3.1 水利水电工程信息模型的快速创建方法 ······················································ 37

            2.3.2 基于信息模型的水利水电工程三维协同设计标准化 ······································· 44

第3 章协同平台系统框架及协作管理体系 ······························································ 57

3.1 水利水电工程项目 ······················································································ 57

3.2 水利水电工程协同工作与管理 ···································································· 57

            3.2.1 协同组织模式分析 ················································································· 57

            3.2.2 协同方法体系建立 ················································································· 63

            3.2.3 协同特征分析 ······················································································· 64

3.3 基于BIM 的水利水电协同工作与管理体系 ················································· 65

            3.3.1 项目协同及创新发展需求 ········································································ 65

            3.3.2 基于BIM 的协作管理体系框架建立 ··························································· 66

            3.3.3 基于BIM 的全生命周期协作技术路线制定 ·················································· 68

            3.3.4 基于BIM 的协同工作模型建立 ································································· 71

第三篇技术篇

第4 章水利水电工程信息模型的共享管理技术 ······················································· 75

4.1 水利水电工程信息模型共享管理关键技术 ··················································· 75

            4.1.1 分布式文件系统存储及云存储 ·································································· 75

            4.1.2 云平台搭建 ·························································································· 76

            4.1.3 信息权限访问 ······················································································· 77

            4.1.4 文档版本控制 ······················································································· 78

            4.1.5 信息检索 ····························································································· 79

            4.1.6 工作流与审批 ······················································································· 80

4.1.7 信息历史记录 ······················································································· 80

4.2 多种设计软件平台模型信息交互技术 ·························································· 81

            4.2.1 参数化模型信息交互技术 ········································································ 81

            4.2.2 非参数化模型信息交互技术 ····································································· 82

4.3 水利水电工程信息模型CAD/CAE 转换技术 ··············································· 83

            4.3.1 数据转换接口实现步骤 ··········································································· 84

            4.3.2 整体三维模型剖切 ················································································· 85

            4.3.3 网格单元重构 ······················································································· 94

            4.3.4 有限元数值仿真计算模型生成 ·································································· 98

第5 章 BIM Server 协同设计技术 ········································································· 102

5.1 水利水电工程协同设计 ············································································· 102

            5.1.1 水利水电工程设计与管理概况 ································································ 102

            5.1.2 水利水电协同设计工作的分类 ································································ 103

            5.1.3 水利水电协同设计工作的特点 ································································ 103

            5.1.4 水利水电协同设计模式分析 ··································································· 104

5.2 BIM 服务器选型分析 ················································································ 107

            5.2.1 商业BIM 服务器简介 ··········································································· 107

            5.2.2 开源BIM 服务器简介 ··········································································· 110

            5.2.3 BIM 服务器性能比选分析 ······································································· 111

5.3 基于BIM Server 的水利水电工程协同设计系统架构 ·································· 114

            5.3.1 体系架构 ··························································································· 114

            5.3.2 资源配置 ··························································································· 115

            5.3.3 关键技术 ··························································································· 117

            5.3.4 功能模块 ··························································································· 120

5.4 基于BIM Server 的水利水电工程协同设计实施流程 ·································· 137

            5.4.1 协同设计一般流程 ··············································································· 137

            5.4.2 协同设计任务策划 ··············································································· 140

            5.4.3 协同设计进度跟踪 ··············································································· 141

            5.4.4 协同设计成果管理 ··············································································· 143

第6 章 BIM与P6 的进度成本联合管控技术 ························································· 144

6.1 基于IFC 的进度成本集成研究 ·································································· 145

            6.1.1 施工进度与成本管理 ············································································ 145

            6.1.2 基于IFC 标准的进度成本信息表达 ·························································· 146

6.2 基于赢得值/工期的进度成本控制方法 ······················································· 152

            6.2.1 赢得值原理简介 ·················································································· 152

            6.2.2 进度评价与预测 ·················································································· 153

            6.2.3 成本评价与预测 ·················································································· 155

6.3 BIM 与P6 的集成实现 ·············································································· 156

            6.3.1 基于P6 的进度计划编制 ········································································ 156

            6.3.2 BIM 与进度成本的关联更新 ··································································· 163

            6.3.3 进度成本协同管理实现 ········································································· 171

第7 章 BIM与GIS 的融合技术 ············································································ 177

7.1 水利水电运维管理的内涵 ········································································· 177

            7.1.1 水利水电工程运维管理的内容 ································································ 177

            7.1.2 水利水电工程运维管理的现状 ································································ 178

            7.1.3 水利水电工程运维管理的趋势 ································································ 179

7.2 基于Web Service 与WebGL 的BIM 与GIS 融合 ······································· 180

            7.2.1 BIM 与GIS 集成现状 ············································································ 180

            7.2.2 基于Web Service 与WebGL 的融合框架建立 ·············································· 180

            7.2.3 关键技术 ··························································································· 182

7.3 BIM+GIS 的可视化运维系统设计 ····························································· 188

            7.3.1 总体架构设计 ····················································································· 188

            7.3.2 业务功能设计 ····················································································· 189

            7.3.3 开发方案及实现 ·················································································· 191

第8 章水电工程数据安全保障技术 ······································································ 198

8.1 基于BIM 的数据中心建设 ········································································ 198

            8.1.1 基于BIM 的数据中心建设原则 ······························································· 198

            8.1.2 基于BIM 的数据资源池建设 ·································································· 199

            8.1.3 基于BIM 的数据中心建立要求 ······························································· 200

            8.1.4 基于BIM 的数据中心整体架构 ······························································· 201

            8.1.5 基于BIM 的数据中心应用价值 ······························································· 202

8.2 网络及信息安全保障系统 ········································································· 203

            8.2.1 整体架构 ··························································································· 203

            8.2.2 详细设计 ··························································································· 205

            8.2.3 安全设备及系统 ·················································································· 209

8.3 容灾备份 ···························································································· 213

            8.3.1 “双活”数据中心 ··················································································· 213

            8.3.2 访问接入层 ························································································ 214

            8.3.3 Web/应用层 ························································································ 214

            8.3.4 数据库层 ··························································································· 214

            8.3.5 操作系统层 ························································································ 215

            8.3.6 存储层 ······························································································ 215

            8.3.7 网络层 ······························································································ 216

第四篇应用篇

第9 章水利水电工程动态安全信息模型 ······························································· 217

9.1 水利水电工程动态安全信息模型构成 ························································ 218

            9.1.1 动态施工进度信息模型 ········································································· 218

            9.1.2 动态安全监测信息模型 ········································································· 218

            9.1.3 动态结构安全数值仿真信息模型 ····························································· 218

9.2 水利水电工程动态施工进度信息模型建立 ················································· 218

            9.2.1 施工进度动态预测方法 ········································································· 218

            9.2.2 基于实测信息的动态施工进度修正预测方法 ·············································· 220

            9.2.3 动态施工进度信息模型的建立 ································································ 244

9.3 水利水电工程动态安全监测信息模型建立 ················································· 253

            9.3.1 监测仪器模型的可视化表达 ··································································· 253

            9.3.2 监测仪器显示进度的确定 ······································································ 254

            9.3.3 安全监测数据预测曲线的确定 ································································ 255

9.4 基于施工状态动态映射的动态结构安全数值仿真信息模型建立 ················· 256

            9.4.1 动态结构安全数值仿真信息模型的建立原理 ·············································· 256

            9.4.2 计划施工动态结构安全数值仿真信息模型的建立 ········································ 257

            9.4.3 实际施工动态结构安全数值仿真信息模型的建立 ········································ 259

9.5 基于动态数值仿真信息模型的结构安全与进度耦合动态可视化 ················· 261

            9.5.1 数值仿真分析结果的提取与存储 ····························································· 262

            9.5.2 基于可视化开发工具的结构安全与进度耦合动态可视化 ······························· 263

第10 章 RCC 重力坝结构安全与进度耦合动态仿真信息模型 ································ 266

10.1 RCC 重力坝施工状态与数值仿真模型之间的动态映射 ···························· 266

            10.1.1 动态映射中的元素 ·············································································· 267

            10.1.2 RCC 重力坝施工进度状态动态映射 ························································ 267

            10.1.3 RCC 重力坝施工条件的动态映射 ··························································· 268

10.2 三维全尺度结构安全与进度耦合动态仿真及可视化系统开发 ··················· 269

            10.2.1 系统主要功能 ···················································································· 269

            10.2.2 系统功能实现 ···················································································· 269

10.3 工程实例应用 ························································································· 274

第11 章 BIM 在长距离引水工程施工管理中的应用················································ 278

11.1 工程简介 ································································································ 278

11.2 系统应用 ································································································ 281

            11.2.1 创建三维GIS 地理空间场景 ·································································· 281

            11.2.2 创建工程BIM 模型 ············································································· 282

            11.2.3 Skyline 平台对引水工程BIM 的集成 ······················································· 282

            11.2.4 GIS-BIM 应用 ···················································································· 284

主要参考文献 ········································································································· 294